Speculative Fiction refers to stories that feature elements that depart from realism through fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative elements (e.g., Avatar, Star Wars, etc.). On the other hand, Realistic Fiction refers to stories with believable, realistic settings and does not feature fantastical or speculative elements (e.g., Hunger Games, Divergent, etc.)

The literary canon is a label given to literary works that are considered classics and surpass others in aesthetic appeal, literary merit, and cultural significance. Examples include Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey, Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, and Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, among others.

Anthropocentric approaches to animal rights aim to frame and advocate for non-human animals relative to humans. Examples of this are framing animal welfare through human interests, highlighting similarities between humans and non-human animals, and using anthropomorphic media as a means to communicate advocacies.

In contrast, Ecocentric approaches frame and advocate for the intrinsic value of non-human animals independent of their utility to humans. Examples of this are advocating for conservation over zoos and promoting dehumanized portrayals of non-human animals in media.

The Filipino First Policy is a constitutional principle requiring that, in sectors involving the national economy and natural resources, preference is given to Filipino citizens and companies over foreign investors.

In practice, this has meant limits on foreign ownership in key industries (often capped at 40%), aimed at protecting national control and supporting local businesses.

However, in recent years, the Philippines has begun relaxing these restrictions. For example, the Public Service Act Amendments (RA 11659) narrowed the definition of “public utilities,” allowing sectors like telecommunications, airlines, and railways to be up to 100% foreign-owned.

In the Philippines, the formal sector refers to registered, taxed, and contractual economic activity (ex. government work, healthcare, manufacturing, etc.). In comparison, the informal sector refers to unregistered, small-scale and often self-organized and independent economic activity (ex. personal crafts and services, small food vendors, transport services, etc.)

On your deathbed, you find yourself in a library filled with books of regrets, each one representing an alternate version of your life shaped by different choices. If you read one, you will live that life from the beginning, but you will permanently lose all memory of your original one. In your original life, you became a wife and mother, and lived a full and happy life with your family. In your old age, your daughter cared for you until this moment. You pick up one book and realize it shows the life you never lived: a life in which you still meet your husband, but choose to attend law school, become a lawyer, and fulfill a path you once set aside.

A non-transactional view of love refers to the belief in an unconditional, selfless approach to romantic relationships where love and affection are given freely without expecting measured extents of reciprocity, repayment, or "keeping score".

Academic tenure refers to the job security granted to teachers after reaching a certain level of years in their employment, which often manifests in the form of immunity to firing with exception of extraordinary circumstances.

Mandatory Conscription refers to mandatory military service during times of war or to maintain a standing army.